Best Practices for Subjective Test Questions

Best Practices for Subjective Test Questions Students will often find that tests become more challenging when they advance from one grade to the next, and sometimes when they move from one teacher to another. This sometimes happens because the test questions they encounter move from objective-type questions to subjective-type questions. What Is a Subjective Question? Subjective questions are questions that require answers in the form of explanations. Subjective questions include essay questions, short answer, definitions, scenario questions, and opinion questions. What Does Subjective Mean? If you look up the definition of subjective, you will see things like this: based on opinioninvolves personal feelingsdependent on conditions of the mindnonspecific Clearly, when you approach a test with subjective test questions, you should prepare to pull from the class readings and lectures for answers, but you will also use your mind and your feelings to make logical claims. You’ll have to provide examples and evidence, as well as justification for any opinions you express. Why Do Instructors Use Subjective Test Questions? When an instructor uses subjective questions on an exam, you can believe he or she has a specific reason for doing so, and that reason is to see if you really have a deep understanding of a subject. Why can you believe this with such certainty? Because grading subjective answers is harder than answering them! By creating a test with subjective questions, your teacher is setting himself/herself up for hours of grading. Think about it: if your government teacher asks three short answer questions, you have to write three paragraphs or so worth of answers. But if that teacher has 30 students, that’s 90 answers to read. And this isn’t easy reading: when teachers read your subjective answers, they have to think about them in order to evaluate them. Subjective questions create an enormous amount of work for teachers. Teachers who ask subjective questions must care about whether you are gaining a deep understanding. They want to see evidence that you understand concepts behind the facts, so you must demonstrate in your answers that you can discuss the subject matter with a well-constructed argument. Otherwise, your answers are bad answers. What Is a Bad Answer to a Subjective Question? Sometimes students are baffled when they gaze over a graded essay exam to see red marks and low scores. The confusion comes when students list relevant terms or events but fail to recognize and respond to instructional words like argue, explain, and discuss. For example, in answering the prompt â€Å"Discuss the events that led to the American Civil War,† a student might provide many full sentences that list the following: AbolitionismEnd of the Mexican-American WarFugitive Slave Act of 1850 While those events ultimately belong in your answer, it would not be sufficient for you to merely list them in sentence form. You would probably receive partial points for this answer. Instead, you must provide several sentences about each of these topics to demonstrate that you understand the historical impact of each, and explain how each event pushed the nation one step closer to war. How Do I Study for a Subjective Test? You can prepare for a test with subjective questions by creating your own practice essay tests. Use the following process: Look at headings and subheadings in your text or your notes to observe themes.Formulate your own practice essay questions (at least three) based on these themes.Write full essay answers to each question, incorporating all the important terms and dates.Practice each essay a few times until you can write it out without looking at notes. If you prepare in this way, you will be ready for all types of subjective questions.

HR Hiring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

HR Hiring - Essay Example The project aims to develop a personnel selection procedure for the position of the Human Resource Manager with specialization in Human Relations. The procedure requires making a thorough analysis of the job requirement based on which selection system would be developed. The procedure would include the different aspects of recruitment, selection, hiring and acculturation. The recruitment procedure primarily uses the behaviorally based structured interview technique for assessing the abilities of the candidates. Moreover, the strengths of using the techniques have also been stated and its relevance in measuring the knowledge, skills, abilities, and personal characteristics (KSAPs) of candidates. Based on the answers that the interviewer provides, the rater must assign specific ratings and add notes to those answers. The researcher concludes that the candidate must also be observed in terms of his behaviors, mannerisms, attitudes and body language. After the interview, the rater must s um up the ratings beside each question to being out the total score of the candidate. This score along with the observed qualities of candidates by the interviewer must be analyzed to evaluate his fitness in the specific role. It is mentioned that the main advantage of such structured interview is its reliability, validity and fairness and legal defensibility. Also, the researcher explores the performance management system, that designs, plans and implements the entire performance of employees in terms of their goals and objectives.

Multi Product Economic Order Quantity with Joint Ordering and no Stock Case Study

Multi Product Economic Order Quantity with Joint Ordering and no Stock Outs - Case Study Example Inventory Management Policy Inventory Cost Various elements of inventory cost include ordering cost, carrying cost, purchasing cost and stock-outs cost. Variation in ordering quantity results into variation in cost. The important elements of ordering cost includes preparation and Cost of tendering or bidding, negotiations with the suppliers, selection of suppliers and placement of purchase order. Ordering cost per unit comes down with increase in quantity. Ordering – Cost Curve Rationale for inclusion in Joint Ordering We have considered cement, paint and tiles for joint ordering purposes. Once the frame of the building is in place, the need for cement, tiles and paint arises, though use of cement is involved in all stages of construction. Plastering of walls with cement, flooring and painting work are simultaneously done at different parts of the building in an alternative manner in view of curing. Therefore, clubbing these materials for joint ordering is eminently justified since mostly suppliers of building materials deal with all these materials under one roof. Order Quantity and Joint Ordering Cost Since ordering cost is a component of material cost, order quantities for various materials considered for joint ordering need to be matched and fixed. It is mostly a question of alignment in the operations, taking into account the constraints such as availability of storage space or other factors. Stock Outs Situation Shortages or stock-out situations are avoided under efficient inventory management system. A system where purchases are based on pre-determined re-order level at which replenishment of stock takes place, considering the lead times and contingencies based on experience and market conditions, this issue of shortages or stock out situations arise when the stock level breaches the minimum level which is set below the re-order level. The cost of emergency purchasing and transportation will be high in these cases. Also, these situations involve a dditional cost since the customers’ demand in relation to delivery may not be fulfilled and result into penalties in the construction industry. Inventory Control Inventory comprises stocks of various materials required in the operation of the business, in this case construction. The main objective of inventory control is to achieve maximum efficiency in the operations with the minimum investment in inventory. Various organizations in various types of industries adopt different inventory models depending upon the level of uncertainty with reference to lead time and demand. The understanding of ordering cost and carrying cost and its relationship for striking a balance in order quantity will be useful in deciding the minimum, maximum and reorder levels for various items of stocks for joint ordering in a multiproduct environment to keep the inventory cost at minimum level. The inventory carrying cost will be very high if the order quantity is at higher level. On the other hand, if the size of the order is small, the ordering cost will be very high. The relationship between carrying cost and ordering cost is used in working out economic order quantity. Economic Order Quantity = SQRT((2*A*S)/C) Where A = Annual usage in units S = Ordering cost per order C = Annual

THE NATURE OF ORGANIZATIONS AND THE CONTEMPORARY ENVIRONMENT Assignment

THE NATURE OF ORGANIZATIONS AND THE CONTEMPORARY ENVIRONMENT - Assignment Example nt of the differing cultures within the organization in order to determine an appropriate way of managing the organization in order to enhance the profitability of such organizations. My score did not surprise, I had adequate understanding of the varied cultures interviewed. The United States is a cosmopolitan society. This implies that the society experiences some of the cultural conflicts quizzed in the interview. As such, I have interacted with people from varied cultural settings and therefore understood the differences in cultures in the different societies. Among the strengths I exhibit in intercultural awareness is the fact that I have interacted with people from varied cultural backgrounds. Through such interactions, I understood the intricate features of the culture besides understanding the dynamic nature of cultures. Through our interactions, we trade cultural values as people abandon specific cultural features they feel retrogressive and adopt new cultural values. The dynamic feature of culture has helped integrate the society, as the world became a global village. The weaknesses I portrayed in the quiz was lack of knowledge of African cultures among other cultures of far flung areas such the minority societies in east Asia and the enclosed areas such as Northern Korea. Understanding culture is often relative depending on the interactions that people have with each other. My lack of knowledge of such cultures is therefore a portrayal of the enclosed nature of the societies a feature that therefore limits their interactions with the rest of the world. However, I must improve my weaknesses and build my strengths in order to enhance my understanding of the cultural differences in the different societies. In order to do this, I plan to undertake studies on cultures. I plan to read different books that address the cultural diversity in the society. Existing literatures provide appropriate information about different cultures including cultural practices

Impact Of Ecommerce On Vodafone Marketing Essay

Impact Of Ecommerce On Vodafone Marketing Essay E-Commerce in simple terms can be explained as buying and selling of goods and services and transfer of funds through digital communications. Electronic commerce over the Internet is a new way of conducting business. Ecommerce or electronic commerce involves carrying out business over the Internet with the assistance of computers, which are linked to each other forming a network. The amount and volume of trade that is conducted over such mediums has increased manifold over the years with the spread and adoption of Internet. The growing number of Internet users, (estimated to be more than 1.4 billion worldwide [1]) coupled with increased Internet Connectivity, has contributed to increase in spends for online budgets. Vodafone is the worlds leading international mobile telecommunications group with approximately 280 million proportionate customers as of 30 September 2008 [2]. Vodafone has equity interests in 27 countries across five continents and over 40 partner networks worldwide. Lets have a look at all the ecommerce activities done by Vodafone Vodafone maintains and manages a UK online store for consumers; this ecommerce site is one of the most visited websites in the UK and reliably handles 1.85 million unique visits per month [5]. This has been achieved by optimizing both the front-end and back-end code to ensure that it operates smoothly under considerable load. The site is under constant development with promotional/sales changes made on an on-going basis and releases of strategic developments every 2-4 weeks.   Why is this Vodafone online shop different? It enables a remarkable customer online experience; It completely automates the buying and renewal of online subscriptions; It is built on a very powerful infrastructure: ATG, an e-commerce solution used by the worlds top brands. Picking up the major benefits Vodafone gains are: Customer acquisition increased number of new subscribers; Customer retention due to the personalized customer experience; Customer growth through handy, accessible mix of services; Cost-effectiveness decreasing customer-related operational costs by integrating core business systems. Quoting from the news articleM2 PRESSWIRE-16 May 2000-VODAFONE: Corporate customers enjoy benefits of e-commerce (C) 1994-2000 M2 COMMUNICATIONS LTD RDATE: 16052000 Vodafone today unveils Vodafone Corporate Online, the heart of a new e-commerce strategy for its corporate customers [6]. Vodafone Corporate Online is a secure web site (Extranet) that will initially enable corporate customers to buy goods or services on-line, request installations, recoveries and review order status. Future e- services such as on-line bill analysis, billing via email and electronic bill viewing will follow later in the year. Graham Ward, Managing Director of Vodafone Corporate, said: We are constantly striving to make life easier for our customers and our innovative e-commerce strategy plays a major role in the business [6]. And also another ecommerce transaction of Vodafone is that, the account is also very easy to manage via the Vodafone web site. There is the option to change your price plan, top up, manage your calling groups or even add extra services [7]. If you purchase just a sim card to put into an existing phone, you can send all the settings for GPS, SMS, and WAP etc via their website to update your phone automatically without the need to spend ages doing manual input, or spending hours on the phone to an advisor. Leading e-commerce marketplace makes it easily accessible to Vodafone customers. New mobile application ensures best customer experience on mobile. Vodafone is to offer the new eBay mobile service to customers, enabling them to keep up with their latest purchases, wherever they are and whenever they wish. The eBay application will be free to download  on Vodafone live! or embedded on key customer Vodafone handsets. Launching in Italy initially, the new eBay mobile service will be available across Europe later this year [8].   The eBay mobile application, accessed directly from the customers handset, will include the ability to search and browse items, find deals, bid on items and buy fixed price products. The application will be embedded onto key consumer handsets from Vodafone in the future. Customers with compatible handsets will also be able to download the application from Vodafone live! The application will help consumers track their eBay activity in real time on their phone and will also ensure their mobile and web activity is synchronized.   As we move closer to the convergence of web and mobile, it is essential that we can offer our customers, leading Internet based services, such as eBay, in an easily accessible way, [8] said Frank H. Rà ¶vekamp, Global Chief Marketing Officer, Vodafone. There is a strong demand from eBay users to benefit from a mobile application where they dont miss the end of auctions and bid back when they are outbid. Todays announcement offers just that and gives Vodafone customers a great service and a clear advantage allowing them to make the most of their time [8].   Vodafones main areas of interest are [3]: focus on the customer including privacy, security and online protection; reducing environmental impact through network energy-saving, waste reduction and green travel and; using communications technology to help customers reduce their carbon footprint; supporting good causes including World of Difference a major new volunteering programme; employee engagement and advocacy; working with suppliers to raise and maintain standards. To reach and succeed on these interests the Vodafone started all above mentioned e-commerce strategies and a lot more so that it can enjoy many benefits, the impact it had on Vodafone are, Vodafone was be able to reach new markets across traditional geographic boundaries and expand their customer base. Firm was able to provide cost-effective customer service with tools such as Frequently Asked Questions, delivery-tracking technology or personalized online customer accounts. Its win/win when e-commerce allows them to shift a lot of the burden of service back onto the customer. Stay open for business 24-hours. Vodafone customers can purchase online while employees sleep. And also potentially saved money on labor, materials and other overheads and reduce their inventory holdings. Ecommerce allows Vodafone to carry out businesses without the barriers of time or distance. One can log on to the Internet at any point of time, be it day or night and purchase or sell anything one desires at a single click of the mouse. Essentially this allows them to offer their goods and services to both a global and local market 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, often with vastly reduced overheads which are associated with traditional sales methods. Operational benefits of e commerce include reducing both the time and personnel required to complete business processes, and reducing strain on other resources. The strategic benefit of making Vodafone ecommerce enabled, is that it helped reduce the delivery time, labor cost and the cost incurred in the following areas: Document preparation Error detection and correction Reconciliation Mail preparation Telephone calling Data entry Overtime Supervision expenses According to research conducted by AC Nielson, in September 2006 5.9 million Australians were shopping online, making us the third-largest online spenders behind the UK and the US [4]. Over half of these online shoppers (51 per cent) came back for more and average shopper spending was up 19 percent to $1,900 per annum [4]. Concluding the facts I have written above regarding the ecommerce techniques and strategies used by the Vodafone and also the impact ecommerce had on Vodafone, I would once again like to remind the readers that ecommerce brings in more advantages weighed against the disadvantages to the adaptor. The major the benefits what all firms are striving for are, Increased awareness of products and services   Businesses can now greatly expand their markets using ecommerce, no need to constrain the focus to only the local scene, but by using the Internet, businesses can venture into international and regional markets, with greater ease. This dynamically changes the nature and the marketing activities of some businesses, possibly encouraging the business to expand the diversity of its products and services, to meet these new markets. Websites, in their nature, allow hundreds and thousands of items to be on view 24/7; thus encouraging wider viewing, and extended trading hours. Freedom   With the freedom of being able to post your information on their website, hence on the Internet, at any time of the day; available information of all variations is increasing at a huge rate. The freedom to browse anywhere and interact with anyone is enough to tempt the smallest of businesses and the most introverted of people to get on the Net; hence Net users are increasing in numbers, at an alarming rate, approximately 50,000 per day. Businesses are buzzing on the Net; they have found a way to compete on an even field, with even the largest of corporations; and within a daily increasing customer marketplace. This can be done only by ecommerce Cost advantage  -businesses based on ecommerce are extremely aware of how they can profit by being on the Internet; they can advertise their products and services without the huge costs, and delays of printing, publishing and distribution. The market is a global one, which adds greater value to the costs outlaid for promotion and marketing; compared to the limits of offline. Ecommerce facilities can be incorporated into the website, transforming 2D screen visuals into user reactive models; for example, consumers can order their products and services online, greatly reducing administration expenses. Reduction of telephone calls to potential customers; follow ups by email; newsletters digitally made, promoted by email or downloadable from the website, with reduction of distribution costs; less promotional material sent out, printed and wasted; extended trading hours without a human presence; are just a few ways to cut costs. To reach their goals and strategies, striving through life time of the business will not make any difference they should adapt ecommerce and feel the advantages and the turn-up on their business as soon as possible. This article about Vodafone can be great example of how adapting ecommerce had made an impact on its business activities, customer base and a lot more.

Birth Order Essay -- Analysis, Alfred Adler

Dating all the way back to the late 1800’s, Birth order has been studied thoroughly. An incredible amount of psychologist and doctors have studied how birth order, or a person’s rank by age among his or her siblings, can affect a child’s personality. Researchers find it difficult to find conclusions due to the fact that it is hard to establish a control group that has controlled variables. Experts say that â€Å"different social status, location of the family, and size of the family can create confusion and affect the quality of conclusions† (Hartshone par. 2). The first study done was by Alfred Adler, an Austrian psychiatrist born in 1870-1937. Adler argued that â€Å"birth order can leave an indelible impression on an individual’s style of life† (Voo Par. 2). A child’s â€Å"style of life† is one’s habitual way of dealing with the tasks of love, friendship, and work. Alfred Adler’s study concluded that birth order can affect all aspects of the developing child. According to Adler, â€Å"First-borns are forcefully taken off their throne when the second child comes along, which could create lasting controversy between them. He said, â€Å"The younger children may be pampered and spoiled† (Haines Par. 3). This may leave an effect on their later personalities. He also wrote about how other things should be considered in regards to the birth order outcomes such as the number of years between the birth of the oldest, middle, and youngest child. Experts have found that each child, depending on bi rth order, has certain tendencies. Nature vs. Nurture has much to do with the way a child’s personality will be formed. â€Å"Certainly, many individual traits and tendencies among brothers and sisters are the products of a unique arrangement of genes (Renkl Par. 2).†... ...nil.† (Education Par. 6) They did however, say that the only study which did show birth order effects apparent were the ones that were judged by their parents or siblings. The researchers were not the ones to find the effects. Therefore, this made the study result in there not being effects on birth order. This is just one example of how birth order is a very disputing and controversial study going on. In conclusion, birth order is indeed studied very thoroughly. Birth order can be the result of a unique arrangement of genes, or it can be the way you were raised and the environment you grew up in. Birth order may not even affect your personality at all! Psychologist and doctors will continue to work on new experiments and studies. New information is released all the time. There is no doubt we will have a much better understanding of birth order in the future.

Relationship influence relationships Essay

Physical attraction is based on people’s appearances. Often a caring, kind, and affectionate person will go unrecognized among others. Mostly such people find their partners due to physical proximity, â€Å"one’s actual physical nearness to others, in terms of housing, work, school, and so forth.† On the other hand, an attractive person usually would have far more attention from others. Mills had an experiment which showed that â€Å"most important determinant of desire to continue relationship was physical attractiveness.† (1982) However, in Today’s Magazine, the article read : â€Å"according to a new study, [men are] willing to overlook a woman’s body shape and weight if she’s friendly and likeable†. But, consider that the article, if you read it, doesn’t present other important information, such the percentage of people who are in the category, and to what extreme were those studies true: it’s likely that men can overlook minor unattractive traits, but it doesn’t totally disprove the study mentioned above. Even though the point if this study may have changed slightly, it is not a secret that attractive people seem to be more of everything, since with beauty, person seems happy, healthy, successful, interesting, even if it isn’t necessarily so, which is called the halo effect. Another kind of attraction is romantic attraction. It is â€Å"love that is associated with high levels of interpersonal attraction, heightened arousal, mutual absorption (‘with regard to romantic love, the nearly exclusive attention lovers give one another.’), and sexual desire.† Romantic attraction has a â€Å"like scale† and a â€Å"love scale,† that Zick Rubin brought up to measure the â€Å"attitude† towards friends and love partners. In result, love usually included passion and commitment, whereas liking lacked those things. Estimated by these scales, type of attraction can be described by the chosen attitude towards each other, as to what the two people think of each other, and whether they are intimate or not, and so on. Just as there are different reasons for forming our personalities, there are different causes which bring people together. The reason some people choose to date who they date is partially due to homogamy -â€Å"the attraction of people who are alike† and heterogamy – â€Å"the attraction of opposites.† A person may seek to find someone with similar qualities or with the opposite ones to â€Å"balance out.† To some degrees, love may be just a mere excitement. This love (which is also something like secret love) is determined by different situations, such parents’ disapproval, or when fleeing the country with someone. Just as in secret love, those events may lead to feel even stronger attraction. But even if such situations can be an attribute to the relationship, it can also bring conflict. Those relationships can be affected by uncertainty of whether there is any kind of attraction between the two people. (As Kenrick wrote, â€Å"it is sometimes hard to tell the difference among sex, love, and infatuation (1989).† There are also two problems: excitement that adds to attraction and boredom that decreases it; the influenced behavior may not be the cause of attraction. (Homans 1961) Similarly, I am sure there have been times when you’ve known or heard of someone who, for example, embraced everyone he or she was friends with. His or her behavior doesn’t necessarily mean deep attraction, but it may just be a way in culture, personal way of showing friendship, or a habit, or may be the fact that he or she misses his/her girlfriend/boyfriend. Any of those reasons may be the factor, why due to body language, a woman may take such action for affection, or, from another point, a man can misunderstand woman’s â€Å"warning signals†. References Homans, G.C. (1961) Social Behaviour: Its Elementary Forms, New York, Harcourt, Brace and World. Kenrick, D.T. and Trost, M.R. (1989) ‘A reproductive exchange model of heterosexual relationships’ in Hendrick, C. (ed) Close Relationships (Review of Personality and Social Psychology 10) Newbury Park, CA, Sage. Miell, D. & Croghan, R. (1996) ‘Examining the wider context of social relationships’ in Dallos, R. & Miell, D. (eds) Social Interaction and Personal Relationships, Milton Keynes, Open University. Mills, J. and Clark, M.S. (1982). ‘Communal and exchange relationships’ in Wheeler, L (ed.) Review of Personality and Social Psychology (Vol 3), Beverley Hills, CA, Sage